Thickeners yog lub cev pob txha thiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom pleev ib ce, thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov tsos, kev ruaj khov, thiab tawv nqaij ntawm cov khoom. Xaiv feem ntau siv thiab sawv cev sib txawv ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv aque, ntsuas lawv cov xim sib txawv, ntsuas cov tawv nqaij, thiab ntau qhov kev hnov tawv nqaij thaum thiab tom qab siv. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas zoo nkauj tau ua raws li cov ntsuas, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau tshawb fawb los ua ntu zus thiab piav qhia rau cov qauv tsim kom zoo nkauj.
1. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm tuab
Muaj ntau yam tshuaj uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tuab. Los ntawm qhov kev pom ntawm tus txheeb ze molecular hnyav, muaj tsawg-molecular thickeners thiab high-molecular thickenters; Los ntawm cov kev pom ntawm cov pab pawg ua haujlwm, muaj cov pa taws, nyob rau cov roj, cov roj carboxylic acids thiab esters, thiab lwm yam. Thickeners tau faib raws li kev faib cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kom hniav zoo nkauj.
1. Tsawg molecular phaus tuab tuab
1.1.1 Inorganic Salts
Cov kab ke uas siv cov ntsev hauv cov tuab tuab ua cov tuab tuab yog feem ntau surfactant aqueous daws teeb meem. Feem ntau siv inorganic ntsev tuab yog sodium chloride, uas muaj cov nyhuv tseeb. Surfactants tsim Micelles nyob rau hauv aqueous kev daws teeb meem, thiab muaj rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov spod-puab qhov tsis kam txav, thiab yog li nce cov viscosity ntawm lub system. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum electrolyte yog ntau dhau, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau cov qauv Micellar, txo cov kev tawm tsam, thiab txo qhov viscosity ntawm lub npe "salting tawm". Yog li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm electrolyte feem ntau yog feem ntau 1% -2% los ntawm huab hwm coj, thiab nws ua haujlwm ua ke nrog lwm hom thickeners ua kom lub kaw lus ruaj khov.
1.1.2 Cov cawv muaj roj, Fatty acids fatty
Kev siv dej cawv thiab cov rog roj ntsha yog cov tshuaj polarmic. Qee cov lus hais txog lawv raws li nousic surfactants vim tias lawv muaj ob pawg lipophilic thiab hydrophilic pawg. Lub hav zoov ntawm ib qho me me ntawm cov tshuaj organic muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntawm cov roj carbon saw, feem ntau hauv txoj kev sib raug zoo. Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua kom muaj roj thiab cov roj ntsha tuaj yeem ntxig (koom nrog micelles lab los txhawb kev tsim cov micelles. Cov nyhuv ntawm hydrogen sib khi ntawm cov ncej qaum polar) ua ob lub lwg me me tau muab cov khoom siv ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm cov thickening.
2. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov tuab
2.1 tsis-ionic surfactants
2.1.1 Inorganic Salts
Sodium chloride, poov tshuaj tshuaj chloride, monoethanolamine chloride, sisodium hydrogen phosphate thiab sodium trunolyphosphate, thiab lwm yam;
2.1.2 Cawv thiab cov roj ntsha thiab fatty acids
CurryL Cawv, MyRistyl Cawv, C12-15 Chrid, C1Holeic cov cawv, kab mob siab tawv, cov kua qaub tsis zoo, cov kua qaub ntsuab, cov kua qaub ua kom zoo nkauj, cov kua qaub.;
2.1.3 alkanolamides
Coco Diethanmide, coco monoethanmide, coco monoisopr-brethanmide, cardamide, cardamom diethanmamide, cardamom monoethanmamide, roj Diethanmide, Xibtes Monoethanmamide, Castor Roj Monoethanide, Stearyl Diethanmide, Stearhamide, Stearinide, Stearhamide, Continow MONOETHOLAMIDE, POV HLAU DEJ DIETHOLAMIDE, PEG (Polyethylene glycol) -3 Lauramide, Peg-4 Kev Pab Pawg, PEG-50 TOPOW AMIDE, thiab lwm yam;
2.1.4 Vajtswv
Cetyl polyoxyylene (3) ethodyl polyoxyylene (10) etherylas etherylropene (10), 127, 237, 407), 407), 407), 407), thiab lwm yam .;
2.1.5 Esters
Peg-80 glyceryl taub siab dua, pec-8ppg (polypropenated glycolate glycolate, peg-n (n = 3, 150) distearate, peg-18 glyceryl Oly Feater / Cocoate, Peg-8 Dioleate, Peg-200 Hydrogenated Castor Roj, Peg-1, 190 PentaTaReRe, PedAreeytherol Stearate, Peg-5 Propylene Glycol Alinise Olishe, peg-160 Sorbitan Triisostear, Peg-150 / Dearylene Glycoler, Peg-90. ISOSTear, Peg-8ppg-3 durraurate, cetyl myristate, centyathenal glycoling, penyatheral tribeasenate, glyceryl triberehenate, glyceryl trihirydroxystearate, thiab lwm yam;
2.1.6 amine oxides
MyRistyl amine oxide, isostearyl aminoproyl amine oxourropyl amine oxide, noob oxogropyl amine, peg-3 laisyl amine oxide, thiab lwm yam;
2.2 amphoter semfactants
Cetyl betaine, coco aminosulfobetaine, thiab lwm yam;
2.3 anionic surfactants
Cov poov tshuaj Olassium, Potassium stearate, thiab lwm yam;
2.4 Dej-Soluble Polymers
2.4.1 cellulose
Cellulose, cellulose cov pos hniav, cellulose cellulose, cellulropyl cellulose, cellulropyl cellulose, cellulropal cellulose, cellulropal, carboxymethyl cellulose, thiab lwm yam;
2.4.2 polyoxyethylene
Peg-n (n = 5m, 9m, 23m, 45m, 905m, 160m), thiab lwm yam;
2.4.3 polyacrylic acid
Acrylates / C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer, acrylates / cryylates copolymer, acrylates / pev tawj ethoxyl (20) Itaconate Copolymer, Acrylates / Octacrylate urnoxy (20) Metrylate / PAYACGE ACCOLER, Acrylium Acrolined Polymer, carbomer (polyacrylic acid) thiab nws sodium ntsev, thiab lwm yam;
2.4.4 roj hmab ntuj thiab cov khoom siv hloov kho
Alginicic acid thiab nws (ammonium, calssium) ntsev, pectuminal good glas, sodium) ntsev, xanthan ntawm cov pos hniav, xaim hniav, sclerotin pos hniav, thiab lwm yam;
2.4.5 inorgumic polymers thiab lawv cov khoom siv hloov tshiab
Magnesium txhuas muag, sidium magnesium, hydrated silica, Sodium Lithmorillonite, SERMARY GONMONIEB-1 MONTMORILLONITE, QUANMORILLONITE, QUANMORILLONITE, QUANMORILLONITY, QUANMORILLONITY, QUANMORILLONITE, QUANMORILLONITE, QUANMORILLONITY, QUANMORS ALONMONIIcI -18 hectorite, thiab lwm yam .;
2.4.6 Lwm tus
PVM / Ma Decadiene Hla Polymer (Crosslinked polymer ntawm polyvinyl methylate thiab decadiene), pvp (polyvinylprolidone), thiab lwm yam;
2.5 SURFACTANANT
2.5.1 alkanolamides
Feem ntau siv yog txiv maj phaub Diethanide. Alkanolides tau sib haum nrog electrolytes rau thickening thiab muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Cov txheej txheem tuab ntawm alkanolamides yog qhov kev sib cuam tshuam nrog anionic surfactant micelles los ua cov kua tsis yog-tshiabtonian. Ntau Alkanolides muaj qhov sib txawv zoo hauv kev ua tau zoo, thiab lawv cov teebmeem tseem txawv thaum siv ib leeg lossis ua ke. Qee cov lus qhia cov thickening thiab ua npuas dej yam ntxwv ntawm cov alkanolamides sib txawv. Tsis ntev los no, nws tau tshaj tawm tias Alkanolides muaj cov kev phom sij ntawm kev tsim cov carcinogenic nitrosamines thaum lawv tau ua rau tshuaj pleev ib ce. Ntawm cov impurities ntawm alkanolides yog cov amines dawb, uas yog cov peev txheej ntawm nitrosamines. Tam sim no tsis muaj kev xav los ntawm kev lag luam saib xyuas tus kheej seb puas ban alkanolides hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce.
2.5.2 Cov Neeg Muaj Txuj
Nyob rau hauv lub freatulation nrog rog cawv polyoxyylene etherlocle sulium sulfate (Aes) raws li cov neeg siv ntsev ntau tuaj yeem siv los kho cov viscosity uas tsim nyog. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov no yog vim muaj kev tsis muaj fatty cawv ethoxylates nyob rau hauv Aes, uas pab txhawb rau cov kev daws teeb meem surfactant. Qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv qhov tob pom tias: Qib nruab nrab ntawm kev coj ntawm kev coj ntawm kev coj los ntawm kev coj los yog 3eo lossis 10eo ua lub luag haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws. Ib qho ntxiv, cov nyhuv tuab ntawm cov rog rog rog rog muaj ntau yam nrog kev faib cov dej thiab cov homologum uas muaj nyob hauv lawv cov khoom. Thaum muab faib cov homologics yog dav, cov nyhuv thickening ntawm cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo, thiab lub nqaim kev faib khoom ntawm homologes, muaj ntau dua cov nyhuv tuab tuaj yeem tau txais.
2.5.3 Esters
Cov tuab siv feem ntau siv cov thickeners yog esters. Tsis ntev los no, Peg-8Ppg-3 Diisostearate, Peg-90 diisostearate thiab Peg-8Ppg-3 Dilaurate tau tshaj tawm txawv teb chaws. Qhov no zoo ntawm cov tuab rau cov neeg tsis yog-ionic thickener, tsuas yog siv hauv surfactant aqueous daws teeb meem. Cov tuab no tsis yooj yim hydrolyzed thiab muaj ruaj khov viscosity hla ntau hom PH thiab kub. Tam sim no feem ntau siv yog pawg-150 distearate. Cov neeg esters siv raws li cov tuab tuab yuav tsum muaj hnyav dua molecular hnyav, yog li lawv muaj qee yam khoom ntawm polymer sib xyaw. Cov txheej txheem tuab yog vim muaj kev tsim ntawm peb-seem hydration network hauv theem aqueous, yog li muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke micelles micelles. Xws li cov tebchaw ua raws li lub elollients thiab moisturizers ntxiv rau lawv siv raws li thickeners hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce.
2.5.4 amine oxides
Amine Oxide yog hom polar tsis yog-ionic surfactant, uas yog tus yam ntxwv tsis yog-ionic cov yam ntxwv, thiab tseem tuaj yeem qhia cov khoom muaj zog ionic. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lossis alkaline tej yam kev mob, uas yog, thaum lub p yog ntau dua los yog sib npaug ntawm 7, Amine Oxide muaj ua cov tshuaj uas tsis muaj aqueous, qhia tsis muaj ionicity. Hauv kev daws acidic, nws qhia tias tsis muaj zog cationicity. Thaum lub Ph PH ntawm kev daws teeb meem tsawg dua 3, lub cationicity ntawm amine oxide yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws, yog li nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo nrog cationic, anionic surfactants nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv. Kev sib raug zoo zoo thiab qhia cov nyhuv synergistic. Amine Oxide yog cov tuab tuab. Thaum lub pH yog 6.4-7.5, Alkyl Daib Croughyl Amine tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab viscosity mus txog rau 34pa.s, thiab ntxiv ntsev rau tom kawg yuav tsis txo lub viscosity.
2.5.5 Lwm tus
Ob peb qhov kev cuam tshuam thiab cov xab npum kuj tseem siv tau raws li cov tuab. Lawv cov txheej txheem tuab zoo ib yam li ntawm lwm cov me me, thiab lawv txhua tus ua tiav cov nyhuv tuab los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam nrog Micelles lub koom haum. Soopaps tuaj yeem siv rau thickening hauv pas tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab betaine yog siv hauv surfactant cov dej system.
2.6 DEJ-soluble polymer thickener
Tshuab thickened los ntawm ntau polymeric ploweners tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov ph ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem lossis kev sib haum xeeb ntawm electrolyte. Tsis tas li ntawd, Polymer thickeners xav tau tsawg dua kom ua tiav cov viscosity uas yuav tsum tau. Piv txwv li, cov khoom yuav tsum tau surfactant thickener zoo li cov txiv maj phaub roj Diethanide nrog ib pawg pawg ntawm 3.0%. Yuav kom ua tiav cov nyhuv tib yam, tsuas yog fiber 0.5% ntawm cov polymer dawb yog txaus. Feem ntau cov dej-soluble polymer tebchaw tsis yog tsuas yog siv raws li thickeners hauv kev lag luam kom tawg, tab sis kuj tseem siv tau raws li cov neeg sawv cev tsis sib haum, dispersants thiab styling tus neeg sawv cev.
2.6.1 Cellulose
Cellulose yog qhov ua tau zoo heev ntawm cov dej hauv cov dej thiab yog siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce. Cellulose yog lub ntuj muaj teeb meem, uas muaj cov chav g glucoside rov qab muaj 3 pawg glucoside muaj 3 pab pawg hydroxyl, los ntawm ntau yam derivatives tuaj yeem tsim tau. Cellulosic thickenters thicken los ntawm kev sib tw ntawm las-swars, thiab lub cellulose-tuab pseudoological morphological. Qhov dav dav feem ntawm kev siv yog kwv yees li 1%.
2.6.2 polyacrylic acid
Muaj ob lub thickening ntawm polyacrylic acid thickeners, yog namely neutralization thickening thiab hydrogen sib txuas thickening. Neutralization thiab thickening yog kom neutralize cov acidic polyacrylic acid thickener rau ionize nws cov molecules thiab tsim kom tsis zoo cov nqi raws lub saw tseem ceeb ntawm cov polymer. Qhov rov qab ntawm tib-kev sib deev tsub txhawb nqa cov molecules los ncaj thiab qhib rau ib lub network. Tus qauv ua tiav cov nyhuv tuab dua; Hydrogen Bonding thickening yog tias polyacrylic thickener yog thawj pawg neeg) ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem hydroxules nyob rau hauv aqueous cov qauv los ua kom tiav cov qauv network kom ua tiav cov nyhuv network kom ua tiav cov nyhuv network kom ua tiav cov nyhuv network. Qhov kev sib txawv ntawm cov pH qhov tseem ceeb, txawv Neutralizers thiab muaj cov ntsev soluble muaj cov cawv zoo ntawm lub viscosity ntawm lub cluening system. Thaum tus lej pH tsawg dua 5, qhov viscosity nce nrog kev nce ntawm tus nqi? Thaum tus nqi PH yog 5-10, lub viscosity yuav luag tsis hloov; Tab sis raws li tus nqi pH tseem nce ntxiv, cov tuab tuab yuav ua rau rov qab. Monovalent ions tsuas yog txo cov tuab tuab ntawm cov kab ke, thaum muaj zog ions tsis tuaj yeem nyias muaj zog, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau tsis muaj precipitates thaum cov ntsiab lus txaus.
2.6.3 cov roj hmab ntuj thiab cov khoom siv hloov kho
Natural post yog suav nrog collagen thiab polysaccharides, tab sis ntuj cov pos hniav siv los ua cov tuab yog polysaccharides. Cov txheej txheem tuab yog tsim cov qauv siv hluav taws xob uas ua rau cov roj polysacchares, thiaj li ua tiav cov nyhuv tuab. Cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm lawv cov kev daws teeb meem aqueous feem ntau tsis yog-tshiab ntawm cov kua dej, tab sis cov kev daws teeb meem yog ze rau cov kua dej xyoo tshiab. Lawv cov nyhuv tuab yog feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog tus nqi pH, ntsuas kub thiab lwm yam ntawm cov kab ke. Qhov no yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, thiab kev ntsuas tshuaj yog 0.1% -1.0%.
2.6.4 Inorganic polymers thiab lawv cov khoom siv hloov tshiab
Inorganic polymer thickeners feem ntau muaj peb-txheej txheej txheej qauv qauv lossis cov qauv ua kom nthuav dav. Ob hom kev lag luam feem ntau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog monicmorillonite thiab hectorite. Cov txheej txheem tuab yog thaum cov inorganic polymer yog disdered nyob rau hauv nws differated, thiab thaum kawg Lamellar tus qauv Lamellar muaju. thiab hlau ions nyob rau hauv ib tug translourent colloidal raug tshem tawm. Hauv qhov no, cov lamellae muaj qhov chaw tsis zoo thiab tus nqi me me ntawm lawv cov ces kaum vim yog lattice pob txha lov. Nyob rau hauv ib qho dilute tov, cov nqi tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw tsis zoo ntawm cov nqi zoo rau ntawm cov ces kaum, thiab cov khoom xa tuaj sib, yog li ntawd yuav tsis muaj cov nyhuv tuab. Nrog qhov sib ntxiv thiab concentration ntawm electrolyte, cov concentration ntawm kev daws teeb meem nce thiab tus nqi ntawm lamellae txo. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, kev sib cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog ntawm Lamellae thiab cov kev sib tw ua rau muaj kev sib tw ntawm ion thiab kev pom zoo yuav ua kom cov qauv
Lub Sijhawm Post: Feb-14-2025