Muaj ntau ntau hom nroj tsuag raw, tab sis lawv cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj qhov sib txawv me me, tsuas yog siv cov piam thaj thiab tsis muaj qab zib.
Cov. Cov khoom sib txawv tsob ntoo muaj cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm txhua qhov sib txuas. Hauv qab no qhia luv luv qhia peb lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom siv raw:
Cellulose ether, lininellulose.
1.3 Cov Khoom Sib Tw Yooj Yim ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Raw
1.3.1.1 cellulose
Cellulose yog mactromolecular polysaccharide tsim ntawm D-flucose nrog β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Nws yog qhov qub tshaj plaws thiab muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Ntuj polymer. Nws cov qauv tshuaj feem ntau yog sawv cev los ntawm Haworth Txheej Txheem Qauv Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem, uas yog qib polysaccharide.
Cellulose carbohydrate XYLAN
arabinoxsan
Glucuronide XLan
glucuronide arabinoxsan
glucanannan
GalactogluCannan
arabinogactactan
Hmoov txhuv nplej siab, pectin thiab lwm yam suab thaj solubs
Tsis muaj carbohydrate Cheebtsam
txos
Extract lipids, lignols, nitrogenous tebchaw, inorganic tebchaw
Hemicellulose polyexopolypentose polymannose polygalactose
Terpenes, cob cov kua qaub, fatty acids, sterols, cov duab uas muaj ntxhiab, tannins
Khoom Siv Khoom Siv
1.4 Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cellulose
1.3.1.2 Lignin
Chav tsev yooj yim ntawm Lignin yog phenylpropane, uas yog tom qab ntawd txuas los ntawm CC Bonds thiab Etheret txoj kev sib tsoo.
Hom polymer. Hauv cov qauv nroj tsuag, txheej txheem intercellur muaj cov npe tshaj plaws,
Cov ntsiab lus intracellular poob qis, tab sis cov ntsiab lus ligin tau nce nyob rau hauv txheej sab hauv ntawm phab ntsa theem ob. Raws li intercelfular ib qho, livin thiab hemifibrils
Ua ke lawv sau rau ntawm cov fibers nplua ntawm phab ntsa cell, yog li ntxiv dag zog ntawm phab ntsa ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov nroj tshuam.
1.5 lignin cov txheej txheem monomers, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim: p-hydroxyphenylpropane, Guaringyl Propane thiab confringyl propane thiab conferyl propane thiab conifyl
1.3.1.3
Tsis zoo li lub hnub ci, Raws li cov no
Cov hom suab thaj thiab muaj lossis tsis muaj cov pab pawg acyl tuaj yeem muab faib ua glucomannan, arabinosyl (4-o-methyllucuronic acid) -xylan,
Galactosyl gluonannan, 4-o-Methylliburonic acid Xylan, Arabinosyl Galactan, thiab lwm yam hauv,
Tsib caug feem pua ntawm cov ntoo ntawm cov ntaub npuag yog qhov yog nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cellulose microfibrils thiab sib cuam tshuam nrog cov fibers.
Lawv tsim lub network ntawm cov hlwb uas muaj kev sib txuas tau yooj yim dua.
1.4 Lub hom phiaj tshawb fawb, tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov ncauj lus no
1.4.1 lub hom phiaj thiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb no yog xaiv peb hom sawv cev los ntawm kev tsom xam ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm qee cov nroj tsuag raw khoom.
Cellulose yog rho tawm los ntawm cov khoom cog ntoo. Xaiv cov neeg sawv cev tsim nyog tsoosetectifying, thiab siv cov ntawv sau rho tawm los hloov lub paj rwb kom muaj lub ntsej muag thiab hloov kho kom npaj fiber ntau.
Vitamin ether. Tus npaj cellulose ether tau thov rau reactive zas luam tawm, thiab thaum kawg cov khoom siv luam tawm piv rau nrhiav kom paub ntau ntxiv
Cellulose neeg muaj kev hais ua rau cov Reautive zas luam tawm luam ntawv.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus no tau daws cov teeb meem ntawm kev rov siv zog thiab ib puag ncig qias neeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag raw khoom siv rau qee yam.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj kev tshiab tau ntxiv rau qhov chaw ntawm cellulose. Thib ob, tsawg toxic sodium chlorooacetate thiab 2-chloroethanol yog siv los ua qhov chaw sawv cev,
Hloov chaw ntawm cov kua roj voloroacetic ether tau npaj thiab thov rau paj ntaub reee, thiab sodium alginate
Kev tshawb fawb los hloov pauv muaj qee qhov kev taw qhia, thiab tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab siv tau tus nqi.
Fiber Ntau Phab Ntsa Lignin Damolved Lignin Macromolecules Cellulose
9
1.4.2 Cov ntsiab lus tshawb nrhiav
1.4.2.1 Extraction ntawm cellulose los ntawm cov khoom siv raw
Firstly, cov cheebtsam ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog ntsuas thiab tshuaj xyuas, thiab peb tus sawv cev cog cov khoom nyoos tau xaiv los tua cov fiber ntau.
Cov vitamins. Tom qab ntawd, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov cellulose tau ua kom zoo los ntawm kev kho mob ntawm alkali thiab acid. Thaum kawg, UV
Kev nqus spectroscopy, ftir thiab XRD tau siv los cuam tshuam cov khoom.
1.4.2.2 Npaj Kev Ua Haujlwm Cellulose
Siv Pine Wood Cellulose li cov khoom siv raw, nws tau tshwm sim nrog concentrated alkali, thiab tom qab ntawd orthogonal sim thiab ib qho kev sim ib txwm muaj,
Cov txheej txheem npaj ntawm CMC, HEC thiab HECMC tau ua kom zoo raws li.
Cov txheej txheem npaj cellulose tau pom zoo los ntawm FTIR, H-NMR thiab XRD.
1.4.2.3 application ntawm cellulose ovher muab tshuaj txhuam
Peb hom cellulose muaj cov neeg hais thiab cov roj sodium tau siv los ua cov pastes qub, thiab cov tshuaj txhuam tau muaj peev xwm thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm thawj pases tau sim.
Cov khoom yooj yim ntawm plaub tus thawj pastes tau muab piv nrog kev hwm rau cov khoom thiab kev tso tseg kom ruaj khov.
Siv peb yam ntawm cov cellulose cov neeg pab hais thiab sodium alginate raws li thawj muab cov khoom noj, ua kom cov tshuab luam ntawv reactive, dhau cov rooj kuaj
Piv ntawm pebNeeg muaj neeg ua haujlwmthiab
Cov khoom siv luam ntawv ntawm cov roj sodium alginate.
1.4.3 Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb
(1) Xa cov khib nyiab mus rau hauv cov khoom muaj nqis, rho tawm cov khoom siv siab siab-purity-porulose siab los ntawm cov nroj tsuag khib nyiab, uas ntxiv rau qhov chaw ntawm cellulose
Txoj kev tshiab, thiab tib lub sijhawm, rau ib qho xwm txheej, nws daws cov teeb meem ntawm kev rov siv cov khoom pov tseg cog qoob loo thiab ib puag ncig cov pa paug; thiab txhim kho cov fiber ntau
Extract txoj kev.
(2) Kev Ntsuam Xyuas thiab Qib Hloov ntawm Kev Hloov Kho ntawm Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Hauv Lub Cev, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ua yeeb yam li chloroacetic acid (ethylene oxide (ua rau
Mob Cancer), thiab lwm yam muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev thiab ib puag ncig. Hauv daim ntawv no, ntau puag ncig phooj ywg sodium canacetate thiab 2-chloroethanol yog siv los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev etherification.
Hloov chaw chloroacetic acid thiab ethylene oxide, cellulose neeg ua tau npaj tau. (3) Cov tau txais cellulose ether yog siv rau cov ntaub ntawv refeive luam ntawv, uas muab qee yam rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv sodium.
xa mus.
Lub Sijhawm Post: Sep-26-2022